Ngā Kaituku Parāoa i roto i ngā Pūrākau Inia: E rua ngā kōrero mō Niyog me mōhio koe

Porohia te aroha

He tikanga tawhito te niyog mō te whānautanga o te tamaiti mai i tētahi atu tangata ehara i te tāne, inā koa kāore i a ia ngā taputapu. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, mēnā he ngoikore te tāne , ka taea e te wahine, me te whakaaetanga, me te mōhio rānei o tana tāne (me/ranei ōna mema whānau) te tuku i tētahi atu tāne (nō te whānau kotahi) kia whānau mai he tamaiti māna. Ka mōhiotia te tamaiti ko te tamaiti a te tāne, ā, e kore rawa te hoa niyog e whakahuatia. I tirohia te wahine hei mara, ā, ko te kawenga a te tāne te whakatō i ana purapura ki te mara, nō reira ko ia te rangatira o te kotinga. Nō reira, i ngā wā onamata, he hunga tuku parāoa i reira.

Koinei pea te huarahi tawhito hei whakakapi i ngā tikanga hangai horihori o ēnei rā, engari i te wā o te niyog, i pā te tinana ki waenganui i te kaituku me te wahine.

He pānui e pā ana: Ko Bhima o Mahabharata pea i moe i te wahine hou rawa atu. Kimihia ko wai!

He roa te kōrero a te pūrākau rongonui a Mahabharata mō tēnei kaupapa, ā, mō ngā whakatipuranga e rua, ko te wā tuatahi i karanga ai a Satyavati kia haere mai te niyog mō ngā pouaru a tana tama, ā, ko te wā i muri mai i rapu a Kingi Pandu i te wawaotanga 'atua' mō āna wāhine, a Kunti rāua ko Madri.

Satyavati rāua ko Vyasa

Ripanga o Ihirangi

I te matenga o te tama a Satyavati, a Vichitravirya, kāore he uri mō te torona o Hastinapur , ka whakamahia te niyog. Heoi, te āhua nei kua hurihia ētahi tikanga i tēnei take. I mahia te niyog i muri i te matenga o te tāne, ā, nā reira, kāore ia i te mōhio, engari me te mōhio o tōna whaea, a Satyavati, te kuīni-whaea. Waihoki, me mahi te niyog e te tuakana o te tāne, ā, i tēnei take, kāore a Bhishma i pai ki te whai wāhi, nā te mea kua oati ia ki te noho takakau. Nō reira i tapaina ai te tohunga a Vyasa , te tama a Satyavati nō tētahi whanaungatanga i mua i tana marena ki a Kingi Shantanu, nō reira ehara i te whānau kotahi, i te taha matua rānei. Kāore he kōwhiringa kē atu?

He tuakana tō Kingi Shantanu, ko Vahlika te ingoa, ā, he pai rawa atu pea tana tama a Somadatta. Engari, tērā pea ka ara ake he raruraru tōrangapū. Nā Vahlika i riro te kingitanga o tō rātou koroua whaea, ā, ko Shantanu te kingi o Hastinapur. Mā te karanga i tētahi o ngā tama a Vahlika ka uaua ake te mana o te kingitanga ā muri ake nei. Nō reira, i muri i te whakahē a Bhishma, ko te whiringa haumaru e whai ake nei ko Vyasa, e tohu ana i te kōwhiringa tāpiri kia uru atu ngā Brahmin ki te mahi. I reira anō tētahi akomanga motuhake o ngā Brahmin, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā Niyogi Brahmin!

Niyog me ngā haputanga whānau whakamiharo

Ko te kaupapa anake o te niyog he whānau tamariki, ā, he maha ngā wā kāore te tokorua e uru ana ki te niyog e tūtaki, e kōrero rānei mō te mahi. Kāore i te whakaarohia ko te hiahia me te ngākau hari o te moepuku hei whāinga, ā, ko tētahi o ngā ture i whakatakotoria e ngā karaipiture ko te paninga o te tāne ki te ghee, kia kore ai ia e ātaahua i te wā e mahi ana.

He pānui e pā ana: Ngā kōrero tuku iho mō te hunga e pai ake ana ki te moepuku

Heoi, ka pouri a Vyasa ki ngā whakautu a Ambika rāua ko Ambalika, ā, ka kanga e ia ā rāua tamariki i mua i tō rāua whānautanga (ko te wahine i katia ōna kanohi he tama matapo, ko te wahine i oho atu he tama pōuri), ā, i tōna harikoa ki te pononga wahine, i tukuna tuatorutia, ka manaakitia e ia ia ki tētahi tamaiti hauora, atamai hoki.

Ko Kunti me āna hoa

I te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei, te āhua nei he raruraru anō. Kāore i taea e Pandu te whānau tamariki mā āna wahine tokorua, a Kunti rāua ko Madri. I tō rāua wehenga atu i te whare kingi ki ngā puke o te Himalayas, ka karanga a Kunti i ngā atua (Dharma, Vayu me Indra) kia whānau tamariki māna. Heoi, e ai ki a Iravati Karve i roto i a Yuganta , he kōwhiringa rerekē a Dharma (Yama) kia karangatia hei atua tuatahi mō te haputanga. Ko Vidura te tinana o Yama, ā, kāore tōna aroha me tōna āwangawanga ki a Yudhishtir i huna rawatia i roto i te pakiwaitara. Tērā pea ko Vidura te ingoa mō te haputanga o te tamaiti, ehara i a Yama? Haunga tēnā, ko Vidura te kōwhiringa tika, i runga i ngā ture o te niyog, hei teina o Pandu.

He aha i huna ai tēnei meka e te pūrākau, i te mea kāore e huna ana i ētahi atu mea ngaro? E whakapono ana a Karve i puritia a Vidura kia matara atu i te torona nā tōna tūnga iti iho ( daasi-putra ), ā, mēnā i honoa ngā mātua o Yudhishtir ki a Vidura, ka tūpono hoki tana kereme ki te torona. Nā te mea i whānau ngā tama ki ngā maunga o Himalaya, ā, i te wā e ora ana a Pandu, kāore i ara ake te pātai mō ngā mātua, ahakoa e kitea ana e tātou he maha ngā wā e whakahē ana a Duryodhan i te ture o te kereme a ngā Pandav ko rātou ngā tama a Pandu.

Ehara i te ariā Īnia anake ngā kaituku parāoa me te Niyog

Kāore i herea te kaupapa o te Niyog ki Īnia onamata anake. I whai ngā Hūrai i tētahi tikanga ōrite, arā, te levirate. Heoi, i roto i te levirate, me marena te tuakana o te tāne ki te pouaru o tōna tuakana i mua i te mahi.

Ko te 'hiahia' o te tamaiti tāne te pūtake o Niyog. Nā te hapori i whakarite kia kore te tangata kāore e taea te whānau tamariki nā ngā take tūturu e mate kore tamariki. I puritia te take i roto i te whānau, ā, ki te kore he tangata i roto i te whānau, ka taea te rapu āwhina mai i ngā Brahmin Niyogi mō taua take. Ahakoa he ngāwari noa te hiahia, i puta ake i aua mahi ngā raruraru o te tōrangapū moepuku! He kōrero tēnā mō tētahi atu wā.

Ehara tō takoha i te koha aroha . Mā tēnei ka taea e Bonobology te kawe tonu mai i ngā mōhiotanga hou me ngā mōhiotanga hou ki a koe i roto i tā mātou whainga ki te āwhina i te tangata o te ao ki te ako me pēhea te mahi i tetahi mea.