Imithetho Yokukhipha Izisu ENdiya: Ochwepheshe Bethu Bakutshela Konke

Sekuyiminyaka engama-50 kwaphasiswa uMthethosivivinywa Wokunqanyulwa Kwezokwelapha noma uMthethosivivinywa we-MTP ngo-1971, futhi ingxenye ejabulisa kakhulu ngemithetho yokuhushulwa kwezisu e-India ukuthi isho yonke into mayelana nokukhishwa kwezisu, ngaphandle kwelungelo lomntwana noma umbono wakhe mayelana nokuthi kufanele enzeni ngokukhulelwa kwakhe.

Ngisho nangemva kweSichibiyelo sakamuva sango-2020, esethule iqoqo lezinguquko kulo Mthethosivivinywa, sisagxile kakhulu esimweni sakhe sezempilo, okuzonqunywa uchwepheshe wezokwelapha. Nakuba ukuhushula isisu kusemthethweni eNdiya, kuningi ukucwaswa kwabesifazane abangashadile.

Ngenkathi ngise-Alabama, umthethosivivinywa osanda kwethulwa owenqabela ukuhushulwa kwesisu emasontweni ayisithupha ukhulelwe, imithetho yokuhushula isisu eNdiya ivumela inqubo kuze kube amasonto angama-24 okukhulelwa. I-India ibuye icabangele ukuhlupheka komuntu owadlwengulwa futhi ivumele ukuhushulwa kwesisu okusemthethweni, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Lokho kuwushintsho olwamukelekile, ngokuqinisekile.

Sixoxa nochwepheshe futhi sithole mayelana nemithelela yezomthetho nezenhlalo yemithetho yokuhushula izisu eNdiya.

Imithetho Yokunqanyulwa Kwezokwelapha Kokukhulelwa

Imithetho yokukhishwa kwezisu eNdiya isaqinile kakhulu futhi ayishiyi indawo yezintuba. Ake siqhubeke siqonde izimo ezehlukene abesifazane abangakhipha kuzo izisu nokuthi inqubo injani ngempela.

Abesifazane ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo abangakhipha isisu eNdiya?

Kulokhu, ummeli uNandish Thackar uyaphendula, “Njengomthetho Wokunqanyulwa Kwezokwelapha, 1971, ikakhulukazi iSigaba sesi-3 soMthetho sisikisela ukuthi ukukhulelwa kunganqanyulwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbili:

1. Lapho udokotela enza umbono wokuthi ukuqhubeka kokukhulelwa kuzofaka ingozi empilweni yowesifazane okhulelwe noma ukulimala kabi emzimbeni noma engqondweni, noma

2.Kunengozi enkulu yokuthi uma ingane yazalwa, izoba nokukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo kangangokuthi ikhubazeke kakhulu.

Njengempendulo yombuzo osemthethweni wokukhipha isisu eNdiya kwabesifazane abangashadile, impendulo inguyebo. Kusemthethweni ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezimbili ezingenhla. Isibonelo, uma owesifazane eyisisulu sokudlwengulwa futhi ingane ingumphumela ofanayo, khona-ke usizi olubangelwa ukukhulelwa luyothathwa njengokulimala kabi emzimbeni nasengqondweni yowesifazane..

Kungani kudingeka ukungenelela kwenkantolo ukuze kukhishwe ukukhulelwa ngemva kwamasonto angama-24?

Ngokwesigaba 3(2) soMthetho Wokunqanyulwa Kwezempilo Kokukhulelwa, 1971, kunqunyelwe ukuthi lapho isikhathi sokukhulelwa singeqi emasontweni ayishumi nambili, kufanele kuthathwe umbono womunye uDokotela Wezempilo uma owesifazane engena ngaphansi kwalezi zigaba ezimbili ezishiwo ngenhla.

Uma isikhathi sokukhulelwa singaphezu kwamasonto angu-12 futhi singadluli amasonto angu-20, khona-ke umbono wabasebenzi bezokwelapha abangu-2 kufanele uthathwe ukuze ukwanelisa le mibandela engenhla. Kodwa-ke, ukuchitshiyelwa kuka-2020 kushintshe okufanayo kusuka emavikini angama-20 kuya emavikini angama-24 manje. Noma yikuphi ukunqanyulwa okungaphezu kwalokho kufanele kwenziwe ngemvume yeNkantolo.

INkantolo kufanele icabangele zonke izici okungukuthi okungenzeka ngokwesayensi yezokwelapha, imiphumela empilweni yowesifazane. Uma konke kuhamba kahle futhi ochwepheshe becabanga ukuthi kungenzeka, yikhona kuphela izinkantolo ezingavumela ukuhushula isisu ngemva kwamasonto angama-24.

Izinkantolo eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene njengeMadhya Pradesh, iBombay kanye neGujarat, zicubungule izicelo zokuhushula izisu ngaphezu kwamasonto angama-20. Esinye salezo zibonelo yicala lika-Priti Mahendra Singh Rawal Vs. I-Union of India, iNkantolo eNkulu yaseBombay ivumele umbungu onamasonto angama-26 ukuthi unqanyulwe. 

Ecaleni elishiwo, iNkantolo eNkulu yaseBombay yakha ikomiti Lochwepheshe Bezokwelapha. Ngokusekelwe embonweni walaba chwepheshe, iNkantolo Ephakeme yavumela Ukunqanyulwa Kokukhulelwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweBhodi Lezokwelapha.

Zisho Ukuthini Izichibiyelo Zomthetho We-MTP?

NgokweSichibiyelo soMthethosivivinywa we-MTP ngo-2020, lezi zinguquko ezilandelayo zenziwe emithethweni yokuhushula izisu e-India ukuze ivumelane futhi ivumelane nezimo eziningi zokukhulelwa ezweni:

• Izisulu zokudlwengulwa kanye nokulala nezihlobo kanye nabakhubazekile ngezindlela ezihlukene bangafuna usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze bahushule isisu kuze kufike emasontweni angama-24 bekhulelwe.
• Uma ibhodi lezokwelapha noma udokotela exilonga noma yiluphi uhlobo lokungajwayelekile okungajwayelekile ku-fetus, owesifazane angafuna ukukhipha isisu noma nini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Uma ukukhulelwa kungakapheli amasonto angama-20, owesifazane angafuna usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze akhiphe umbungu ngokubonana nodokotela oyedwa kuphela.
• Imininingwane yomuntu siqu yanoma ubani ohushula isisu izogcinwa iyimfihlo futhi ubumfihlo bakhe buyobhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu

Imitholampilo Ezimele Yokukhipha Izisu ENdiya

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi imitholampilo eminingana yangasese yokuhushula izisu ikhona eNdiya. Ingabe lokho kuyinto enhle noma embi?

Uchwepheshe Snigdha Mishra uyaphendula, "I-India iyindawo yezokuvakasha kwezokwelashwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezikhungo zezokwelapha ezisezingeni lomhlaba ezitholakalayo. Njengoba sesishilo ukuthi, kusukela emadolobheni amancane kuya emadolobheni amancane nalawo asemadolobheni, kunemitholampilo emincane eminingi yangasese ehlinzeka ngalezi zinsizakalo futhi akuyona yonke engenangqondo. Inikeza usizo lwezokwelapha oluhloniphekile noluthengekayo. Lokhu futhi kwenza ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kufinyeleleke kalula.

“Kodwa-ke, eminingi yale mitholampilo isebenza njengemitholampilo yokuhushula izisu kuphela.” Njengoba i- feticide yabesifazane, inkinga engapheli emphakathini waseNdiya, eminingi yale mitholampilo izibonakalisa iyindawo ephephile yalesi senzo esingekho emthethweni nesinonya. 

“Uma owesifazane enesidingo sangempela sokukhipha isisu, kufanele akhethe isikhungo sezokwelapha esisebenza ngaphansi kombuso futhi esinikeza ukunakekelwa okuseqophelweni eliphezulu.Inqobo nje uma ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kusebenza kahle, akunandaba ukuthi uhushulaphi isisu.”

Ukufunda Okuhlobene: Kungani Imfundo Yocansi Ibalulekile Ezikoleni?

Kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane eNdiya baphoqeleka ukuthi bakhiphe isisu ngemuva kokunqunywa ngokungemthetho kobulili bombungu. Uthini umbono wakho ngalokhu?

"Akukho emthethweni futhi abantu abakwenzayo kufanele baboshwe. Kuwubushoshovu obuqinile obuvumela lokhu, ngaphandle kwezintuba ezisobala ohlelweni lwethu lwezokwelapha zomthetho mayelana nesenzo sokukhipha isisu eNdiya. Njengoba kokubili izinqumo zobulili bombungu kanye nemithi yezidakamizwa kuwubugebengu, akungabazeki ukuthi bonke abathintekayo kufanele bathathelwe izinyathelo. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuqonda lokho kwenza umqondo wenezela ukwazi ukwenza kanjalo,"

Ngenqubo yokukhipha isisu

Inqubo yokuhushula isisu nayo yinto okufanele owesifazane ayiqaphele ngaphambi kokuyibhalisela. Ngezansi, uzokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhushula isisu nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.

Liyini iphilisi lokukhipha isisu? 

Iphilisi lokukhipha isisu lisetshenziselwa ukukhipha isisu ngokwezokwelapha, okuwuhlobo lokunqamula ukukhulelwa okungahlinzeki. Lokhu kuhlukile amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo aphuthumayo. Iphilisi lokukhipha isisu yigama elivamile lokusebenzisa imithi emibili ehlukene ukuze kuqedwe ukukhulelwa: iMifepristone neMisoprostol, kusho uDkt. Sharmila Majumder.

Okokuqala, uthatha iphilisi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Mifepristone. Ukukhulelwa kudinga ihomoni ebizwa ngokuthi i-progesterone ukuze ikhule ngendlela evamile. I-Mifepristone ivimbela i-progesterone yomzimba wakho, ivimbela ukukhulelwa ekukhuleni.

Bese, uphuza umuthi wesibili, i-Misoprostol, ngokushesha noma kufika emahoreni angama-48 kamuva. Lo muthi udala i-cramping nokopha ukuze kuthulule isibeletho sakho. Kufana nokuba nesikhathi esinzima ngempela, esinama-crampy, futhi inqubo ifana kakhulu nokuphuphuma kwesisu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Lisebenza kangakanani iphilisi lokukhipha isisu?

Kubantu abanamaviki angu-8 abakhulelwe noma ngaphansi, kusebenza izikhathi ezingaba ngu-94-98 kweziyikhulu.

Kubantu abanamaviki angu-8-9 abakhulelwe, kusebenza cishe izikhathi ezingu-94-96 kweziyikhulu.

Kubantu abanamaviki angu-9-10 abakhulelwe, kusebenza cishe izikhathi ezingu-91-93 kweziyikhulu.

Ngokuvamile ungathola ukukhipha isisu ngokokwelashwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-70 (amaviki angu-10) we-LMP yakho noma Isikhathi Sokugcina sokuya esikhathini (usuku lokuqala lwesikhathi sakho sokugcina).

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zemithi yomlomo yokuhushula isisu?

Ezinye izinkinga ezingenzeka zemithi yomlomo yilezi:

• Amaphilisi okukhipha isisu awasebenzi futhi nokukhulelwa akupheli
• Ezinye zezicubu zokukhulelwa zingashiywa esibelethweni sakho 
• Amahlule egazi esibelethweni sakho 
• Ukopha kakhulu noma isikhathi eside okuholela ezifweni
• Ukungezwani komzimba komunye wemithi.

Ziyini izindleko zokuhushula isisu?

Ngokuvamile, ukukhipha isisu okubandakanya imithi kubiza cishe ama-Rs. 5,000 e-India, kuyilapho ukunqanyulwa kokukhulelwa ngokuhlinzwa okubandakanya izinqubo ezifana ne-dilation and curettage (DNC) kungabiza phakathi kwama-Rs 25,000 kanye nama-30,000. Ngakho-ke, izindleko ziyahlukahluka kuye kwelinye icala, kuye ngokuthi ukukhulelwa sekuqhubeke kangakanani nokuthi iyiphi inqubo udokotela ayincomayo ngokusekelwe kumingcele yezempilo yowesifazane.

Imithetho yokuhushula izisu eNdiya iyaqhubeka

• Ingabe umthetho oqhubekayo wokukhipha izisu uyimpumuzo enkulu kwabasinde ekudlwengulweni?

Prachi Vaish uthi uma owesifazane edlwenguliwe, kushiya izibazi zempilo yonke emqondweni wakhe okuthatha iminyaka ukuthi ziphole. Uma kwenzeka ekhulelwa, akufanele nje kuphela avumelane nokudlwengulwa kwakhe, kufanele futhi athwale imbewu yomhlukumezi wakhe ngaphakathi kuye, futhi ukungamvumeli ukuba asikhiphe kumphoqe ukuba aphile nesikhumbuzo sokudlwengulwa kwakhe ukuphila kwakhe konke.

Kubuye kungabi nabulungiswa ngokwedlulele ku-fetus uma iba ingane futhi izalwe ngoba iyohlala iyisisulu nomkhiqizo wobugebengu. Ngakho-ke, yebo, umthetho wokukhipha izisu oqhubekayo uwukuphefumulela phezulu kubo bobabili abadlwenguliwe kanye nezingane ezingakazalwa ezingakazalwa ezingase zibe ngaphansi kwempilo yokuhlukumezeka okwengeziwe ngaphandle kwephutha labo.

• Ingabe imibhangqwana emisha kanye nentsha isebenzisa kabi imithetho yokukhishwa kwezisu eNdiya?

Umqeqeshi wempilo Joie Bose akavumelani: Ukuqeda ukukhipha isisu kuyisinyathelo esihlehla kakhulu esingake sithathwe futhi esingamukeleki neze kulesi sigaba sokukhula komuntu. Lokhu kusobala ngendlela engingathola ngayo futhi ayikho indlela engcono yokubeka lokhu. 

Kwelinye izinga, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umphakathi uhlala kanjani uphikisana nobulili. Masivume ukuthi umntwana akasona isipho esivela kuNkulunkulu kodwa umphumela “wobusuku obushisayo benkanuko”. Hhayi-ke, ubusuku noma imini noma ekuseni! 

Akukho ukuvikeleka okuphephile ngo-100%. Futhi ukuba izifiso zobulili yinto efakwe ohlelweni lwethu lofuzo. Isezingeni eliphezulu kubantu abasha uma uyiqhathanisa nabadala kodwa yinto okungekho ongayiphika ukuthi wake wayizwa. 

Isayensi inobufakazi obanele obubonisa ukuthi empeleni abantu abanabo indoda eyodwa. Ukugcina zonke lezi zinto engqondweni uma ngenhlanhla owesifazane ekhulelwa, ukukhipha isisu kuyisinyathelo esinomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu esingathathwa. 

Kungani kufanele avumele umzimba wakhe ukuba “uhlupheke” ekukhulelweni? Kungani ingane kufanele ibe “umthwalo” endodeni lapho ingakwazi ukuba ubaba oqhoshayo? Ukukhulelwa kumele kuqashwe yibo bobabili abazali bengane, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke ukukhipha isisu kuwukuphela kwendlela. 

Ayikho ingane eke yafaneleka abazali abangenalo uthando. Futhi akukho ndoda noma owesifazane okufanele aphoqwe ukuba akhulise ingane. Abenzi bomthetho kumele bakhumbule ukuthi akukho abakwenzayo ukukhulisa ingane. Futhi akukho lutho abalwenzayo ukusiza umama oyedwa/ubaba oyedwa.

Njengomqeqeshi wezempilo, ngithole ukuthi abantu abacindezelekile kakhulu nabangazethembi yilabo abangaziswa yimindeni yabo. Ukuba yingane engafunwa kubangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Uma umzali engakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo wokuqinisekisa ukondliwa ngokomzwelo kwengane, akufanele neze alethe ingane kulo mhlaba. Okudabukisa kakhulu abantu abazizwa bengathandwa.

Uma ukubheka, ukuvimbela ukukhipha isisu kungenye indlela yokuthobisa owesifazane ukuze akhulise ingane kuba umthwalo wakhe 'njengombheki wemvelo' wengane. Owesifazane kufanele anikezwe ithuba lokukhetha ukuba ngumama futhi uma umbuso uvala ukuhushula isisu, kufanele bathathe umthwalo wokunakekela ingane ngayo yonke indlela.

Abenzi bomthetho iningi labo kusengamadoda. Iningi labo basebadala. Umthetho wokuhushulwa kwezisu awubathinti kakhulu abashayamthetho. Kuvele kube i-ejenti yokulawula labo abangenamandla amancane kunabo.

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