Chilichonse Chokhudza Mitundu 9 Ya Maukwati ku India

Mitundu, zikondwerero, miyambo ndi zakudya zimapangitsa kuti miyambo yaukwati ku India ikhale yapadera komanso chinthu chomwe anthu amayembekezera. Zomwe zachitikazi zimapangika kukhala zachilendo komanso zowoneka bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukwati m'maiko aku India kutengera chikhalidwe cha dera lililonse. Anthu amabwera kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi kudzawona maukwati aku India ndikuchita bwino mu miyambo ndi zosangalatsa zonse. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti miyambo yaukwati ya ku India ikhale yapadera kwambiri ndi kusiyanasiyana komwe kumawonetsa.

Miyambo yotsatiridwa kumpoto kwa India si yofanana ndi ya kum’mwera kwa India. Kum'mawa kuli maukwati amitundu yosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi Kumadzulo. Pali maukwati amitundu yosiyanasiyana ku India ndipo kuchulukana uku komwe kumatidabwitsa kwambiri za dziko lathu.

Mbiri Ya Maukwati ku India

Kukambirana za mitundu ingati ya maukwati ku India yomwe singakhale yokwanira popanda kufufuza mbiri ya ukwati ku India. India ndi dziko lomwe nthawi zambiri linkatsatira chikhalidwe cha maukwati okonzedweratu , chizolowezi chomwe chikutsatiridwa mpaka pano m'dera lililonse la ku India, mosasamala kanthu za chipembedzo, fuko ndi kalasi.

M'masiku akale, mabanja awiri amasankha machesi ndipo nthawi zambiri, okwatirana adakwatirana ali wachinyamata chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti kudzakhala koyenera kusintha maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi anakwatiwa ndi Kasturba Gandhi ali ndi zaka 13 ndipo anakhala zaka 62 za moyo wawo monga mwamuna ndi mkazi. Nkhanizi ndizofala kwambiri ku India.

Chizoloŵezi cha ukwati wa ana sichinali chofala ku India wakale ngakhale kuti chinayamba pambuyo pake pamene kunabwera zigawenga zachilendo ndipo pang'onopang'ono chinakula pamene utsogoleri wa abambo unayamba kukweza mutu wawo wonyansa. Ndipotu ku India, mafumu ankakonzeratu ana awo aakazi a Swayamvara kuti asankhe abwino kwambiri oti akwatiwe, motero ankalola kuti mkazi azisankha pagulu lalitali la amuna.

Wolemba Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni akufotokoza momveka bwino m'buku lake lakuti The Palace of Illusions kuti Draupadi anali kukonda Karna ndipo ngati akanasankha akanamukongoletsa ndi mikanda. Koma anakakamizika kumuuza kuti sanali Kshatriya ndipo sakanatha kutenga nawo mbali mu Swayamvar chifukwa anayenera kutumikira tsogolo lake lomwe linali ndi ma Pandava asanu.

Polyandry, monga momwe zasonyezedwera muukwati wa Draupadi, unalipo ku India koma mitala inali yofala kwambiri, ndi amuna, makamaka ochokera ku zipembedzo za Chihindu ndi Chisilamu, kukhala ndi akazi oposa mmodzi. Kukwatiwa kwa mwamuna mmodzi pang'onopang'ono kunakhala chizolowezi ku India ndipo dzikolo linakhala lotseguka ku lingaliro la maukwati achikondi ngakhale kuti ukwati wokonzedweratu ukupitirizabe kukhala chisankho chodziwika kwambiri. Maukwati amtundu uliwonse amene tawatchula poyamba paja nthawi zambiri amakhala otsatizana, kupatulapo ukwati wa kukhothi.

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Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Ya Maukwati ku Indian States

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti India ili ndi zigawo 28 ndi zigawo 9 za mgwirizano ndipo mwambo waukwati umasiyana m'maiko onse. Ngati tingayese kulowa mu miyambo yaukwati ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukwati ku India kudera lonse la peninsula m'malo 37, ndiye kuti sitingalembe chilichonse cholakwika apa.

Koma nkoyenera kunena pano kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa miyambo yaukwati kumapangitsa India kukhala ndi maziko ake, makamaka ngati ndi ukwati wa zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Chabwino ndiye, chimenecho ndi chochitika china chifukwa chimatipatsa ife kuphatikiza miyambo. Miyambo ikhoza kukhala yosiyana koma malamulo a ukwati omwe amatsatiridwa ndi omwewo.

Maukwati amalembedwa ndi kupatsidwa chilolezo chalamulo pansi pa malamulo a Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, The Special Marriage Act, 1954, Muslim Personal Law kapena The Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872. Ziribe kanthu kuti ukwatiwo ukuchitikira boma liti kapena miyambo yomwe ikutsatiridwa, ukwati uyenera kulembedwa motsatira malamulo a dziko.

Kodi Pali Mitundu Yanji Ya Maukwati Ku India?

Ndiye ndi mitundu ingati ya maukwati ku India, ndiye? Ndizovuta kulongosola ndendende miyambo yonse yaukwati ku India. Chifukwa chakuti mkati mwa cholinga cha ukwati wachihindu weniweniwo, kusiyanasiyana kuli kwakukulu. Mosafunikira kunena, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyambo yaukwati imatsatiridwa ku India malinga ndi chikhalidwe ndi machitidwe.

Ukwati wa Chibengali suli wofanana ndi waku South Indian kapena ukwati wa Maharashtrian ngakhale kuti onse ndi maukwati achihindu. Chipembedzo chomwe chimatsatiridwa chikhoza kukhala chofanana, mantras amayimba ngakhale zofanana koma miyambo, nthawi yaukwati ndi zovala ndizosiyana kwambiri.

Ngati tikufunsa funso la mitundu ingati yaukwati m'dziko lathu, ndiye kuti pamlingo woyambira tinganene kuti pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya maukwati ku India. Tikaganizira za mitundu ingati ya maukwati ku India, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane momwe banja lililonse limakhalira. Nazi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu amakwatira ku India:

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1. Ukwati wachihindu

Mwambo waukwati wachihindu umatsatira miyambo ya Vedic ndipo miyambo itatu yayikulu ya Kanyadaan, Panigrahana ndi Saptapadi imatsatiridwa. Yoyamba imatanthauza atate wa mkwatibwi amene wamupereka, yachiwiri imatanthauza kugwirizanitsa manja a mkwatibwi ndi mkwati pamoto ndipo yachitatu ikupanga mizere isanu ndi iwiri kuzungulira moto.

Koma si miyambo yonse yomwe imatsatiridwa muukwati uliwonse wa Chihindu . Mwachitsanzo, madera osiyanasiyana ku Kerala ndi Tamil Nadu alibe njira yoyatsira moto ndipo maukwati awo nthawi zambiri amayamba m'mawa kwambiri ndipo miyambo imatha masana. Ku Bengal, miyambo ina monga gaye holud (mwambo wa turmeric umachitika m'mawa) koma mwambo waukulu waukwati umachitika madzulo.

Kumpoto kwa India kukuchitika miyambo yokongola kwambiri yaukwati yomwe imayamba ndi sagai (chikwati) ndipo ukwatiwo ukhoza kupitirira kwa masiku ambiri pamene mikanda yamaluwa imasinthidwa, vani imakonzedwa ndipo mkwatibwi amakakamizidwa kuvala sutra ya mangal. Ku East India, kugwiritsa ntchito vermillion ndiko kofunika kwambiri ku Maharashtra ndipo Lakshmi Narayan Puja imayikidwa pa Lakshmi Narayan Puja. Maukwati onse pakati pa anthu awiri achipembedzo cha Chihindi amalembedwa pansi pa Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 kapena Special Marriage Act, 1954.

2. Banja lachikhristu

Maukwati achikhristu ndi ofunikanso m'mbiri yaukwati ku India ndipo akuchitikabe m'dziko lonselo. Pansi pa lamulo la Indian Christian Marriage Act, 1872, maukwati achikhristu amachitidwa ndi mtumiki kapena wansembe mu mpingo. Ubwino wa ukwati wachikhristu ku India ndi wakuti mkwatibwi nthawi zambiri amasankha kuvala zovala za dera limene akukhala m'malo mosankha gown.

Kotero maukwati achikhristu ku India amaona mkwatibwi atavala zovala zachikhalidwe monga saree, mekhlas ndi sarong zachikhalidwe ndipo ngakhale mkwati nthawi zambiri amasankha zovala zachikhalidwe pamodzi ndi amuna ake apamtima. Kumbukirani, njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu amakwatirira sizitanthauza kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikondi ! Chikondi, chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo zonse ndi zofanana pazochitika zonse zaukwati.

Pakati pa mitundu ya maukwati ku India, ndi ukwati wachikhristu womwe ndi mgwirizano wachimwemwe wa chikhalidwe cha Amwenye ndi Azungu. Mwambo wa phwando, toast ndi maluwa zonse zimatsatiridwa kukonkhedwa ndi miyambo yokondeka.

3. Ukwati wa Sikh

Mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zokwatira ku India, iyi ndi njira ina yotchuka. M'mbuyomu, maukwati a Sikh adalembetsedwa pansi pa Hindu Marriage Act koma tsopano awa amalembedwa pansi pa Punjab Sikh Anand Karaj Marriage Act 2018. Mwambo waukwati wa Sikh nthawi zambiri umakhala wosavuta. Zimachitika ku Gurudwara, komwe ndi malo opembedzerako anthu amtundu wa Sikh.

Koma mwambo usanachitike, pamachitika mwambo wotchedwa milni komwe mabanja a mkwatibwi ndi mkwati amakumana ndikucheza. Pa tsiku la ukwati, ndiye kuti mawu anayi osavuta amawerengedwa kuchokera m'malemba awo oyera ndipo mkwatibwi ndi mkwatibwi amayendayenda mozungulira Guru Granth Sahib (malemba oyera). Mkwatibwi ndi mkwatibwi amavalanso zovala zachikhalidwe zokongola ndipo chakudya chokoma kwambiri chimaperekedwa pa chikondwererochi.

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4. Ukwati wa Chisilamu

Ndi mitundu ingati yaukwati yomwe India angadzitamandire nayo? Chabwino, pali enanso ochepa oti apite. Ukwati wa Chisilamu umabwera pansi pa lamulo la Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937. Miyambo ya Chisilamu imatsatiridwa muukwati wachisilamu ku India. Mkwati ndi mkwatibwi amatha kusankha zovala zachikhalidwe zaku India koma mwambo wachipembedzo nthawi zambiri umatsatira malamulo achisilamu. Mwambo waukwati wotchedwa Nikah umakhazikitsidwa ndi maulvi, mtundu wa wansembe.

Palinso njira ya Kanydan muukwati wachisilamu womwe umatsatiridwanso ndikuwerengedwa kwa Korani ndi malingaliro a mkwati ndi kuvomereza kwa mkwatibwi. Asilamu a ku India nthawi zambiri amatumikira biryani paukwati wawo, zomwe mwina ndizodziwika kwambiri paukwati wotero.

5. Ukwati wa Parsi

Parsi Marriage and Divorce Act ya 1936 ndi lamulo lomwe maukwati a Parsi amakhazikitsidwa ndikulembetsa. Zina mwa zikondwerero zomwe zimatsatiridwa muukwati wa Parsi ndi kusinthana kwa ndalama zasiliva pakati pa mabanja a mkwatibwi ndi mkwatibwi. Ndi pambuyo pa mwambo umenewu mkazi amatenga dzina la mwamuna wake.

Mwambowo umachitidwa kwa masiku atatu ukwati usanachitike, ndipo pa tsiku lachinayi, gulu laukwati limafika kunyumba ya mkwatibwi kumene ukwatiwo ukuchitikira. Pambuyo paukwati, okwatirana ayenera kukhala ndi chakudya chochokera m'mbale imodzi monga chizindikiro chokongola, chachikondi chosonyeza mgwirizano wawo.

6. Ukwati wa Chibuda

Mwa mitundu ya maukwati ku India, ukwati wachibuda mwina ndiwosavuta kwambiri. Ukwati wachibuda umalembetsedwanso pansi pa Special Marriage Act, 1954. Palibe miyambo yotsatiridwa yomwe iyenera kutsatiridwa ndipo palibe miyambo yambiri muukwati wachibuda.

Ukwati wa Chibuda, mogwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zake zachipembedzo, umagogomezera zauzimu ndi kumamatira mwamphamvu ku malumbiro. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chinkhoswe chokhazikitsidwa ndi amonke kapena Rinpoche. Patsiku laukwati, mkwatibwi ndi mkwati ndi mabanja awo amapita kukachisi, ndiyeno, mwambo waukwati umachitikira kumalo osiyana. Ukwati wachibuda kaŵirikaŵiri umakhala waung’ono kumene mabwenzi ndi achibale ochepa amaitanidwa.

7. Ukwati wa Jain

Abuda ndi a Jain akhoza kulembetsa ukwati wawo kudzera mu Hindu Marriage Act 1955 kapena kudzera mu Special Marriage Act 1954. Izi ndi mitundu iwiri ya maukwati omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana asanayambe moyo watsopano ndi anzawo omwe angakhale nawo pa moyo wawo.

Maukwati a Jain ali ndi miyambo yambiri yofanana ndi maukwati achihindu monga pheras kapena kanyavaran koma ma Pujas ndi aarti angapo amachitidwa paukwati wa Jain. Mwambo wofunika kwambiri ndi wakuti pambuyo paukwati mkwatibwi ndi mkwatibwi amapita ndi achibale awo ku Kachisi wa Jain ndikudyetsa osauka kumeneko. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukwati ku India, uwu mwina ndi wopatsa kwambiri.

8. Ukwati wapabwalo

Maukwati apakati pa magulu ndi azipembedzo amachitikanso ku India, kuposa momwe mukudziwira. Anthu ambiri amene amafuna kupeŵa miyambo yachipembedzo pamlandu woterowo amasankha ukwati wamba wapabwalo pansi pa Special Marriage Act 1954. Wolembetsa amapatsidwa chidziwitso cha masiku 30 chokhala ndi tsatanetsatane wa malo okhala ndi kubadwa kwa mkwati ndi mkwatibwi.

Kenako, patsiku lokhazikitsidwa, ayenera kukhalapo ku ofesi ya wolembetsa ndi mboni zitatu kuti asayine zikalata zalamulo ndikuwerengerana malumbiro awo a ukwati. Kungoti si chisokonezo chachikulu, sizikutanthauza kuti anthu awiriwa sakondana kwambiri ! Mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe anthu amakwatirana, iyi ndi njira yosadzikuza kwambiri.

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9. Maukwati osakanizidwa

Pali mitundu yambiri ya maukwati m'maiko aku India omwe akuwonetsa kufunikira kwa chikhalidwe chomwechi muukwati. Koma apa pali chinachake chosiyana pang'ono. Pankhani ya maukwati a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, akwati ndi akwatibwi ambiri amatsatira miyambo ya zikhulupiriro zonse kuti akwatitse ukwatiwo.

Maukwatiwa amabwera pansi pa lamulo la Special Marriage Act 1954 koma ndi zachilendo kuwona ukwatiwo ukukhazikitsidwa potsatira miyambo ya mabanja onse awiri, mu miyambo yosiyana. Chotero, mungakhale ndi ukwati wa tchalitchi umene ukuchitika m’maŵa wotsatiridwa ndi havan wonga Mhindu madzulo. Maukwati osakanikirana awa nthawi zambiri amakhala osakanikirana a chikhalidwe, miyambo, miyambo ndi zikondwerero!

Kumalo ngati India komwe kuli miyambo yosiyanasiyana yotere, nkosapeweka kuti padzakhala miyambo yambiri yododometsa ndi miyambo yachikhalidwe pankhani yaukwati. Koma pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya maukwati omwe amakhazikika ku India masiku ano, omwe tangolemba kumene.

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Chopereka chanu sichikutanthauza chopereka chachifundo . Chidzalola Bonobology kupitiliza kukubweretserani chidziwitso chatsopano komanso chaposachedwa poyesetsa kuthandiza aliyense padziko lonse lapansi kuphunzira momwe angachitire chilichonse.