Ngā Ture Whakatahe i Inia: Ka Kōrerotia e Ā Mātou Tohunga Ngā Mea Katoa ki a Koe

E 50 tau kua pahure mai i te whakamanatanga o te Pire Whakamutu Hauora o te Hapūtanga, te Pire MTP rānei i te tau 1971, ā, ko te mea tino whakapoauau mō ngā ture whakatahe i Inia ko te whakarārangi i ngā mea katoa mō ngā whakatahe, engari ko te tika me te whakaaro o te whānau tamariki mō te mea me mahi ki tana hapūtanga.

Ahakoa i muri i te Whakatikatika hou o te tau 2020, i whakaurua ai he huinga huringa ki te Pire, kei te aro tonu ki tōna āhua hauora, ā, mā te tohunga hauora e whakatau. Ahakoa he ture te whakatahe i Inia, he nui tonu te whakama e pā ana ki ngā wāhine kāore i marena.

I Alabama, i whakatinanahia he pire hou e aukati ana i te whakatahe o te pēpi i roto i ngā wiki e ono o te hapūtanga, engari i Inia, ka whakaaetia te mahi whakatahe tae noa ki te 24 wiki o te hapūtanga. E whai whakaaro ana hoki a Inia ki te mamae o te morehu o te tāwharau, ā, e whakaaetia ana te whakatahe ture, me ētahi atu mea anō hoki. He huringa pai tēnā, he pono.

Ka kōrero mātou ki ngā tohunga, ka rapu mōhiohio mō ngā pānga ture me ngā pānga pāpori o ngā ture whakatahe i Īnia.

Ngā Ture mō te Whakamutu Hauora i te Hapūtanga

He tino pakari tonu ngā ture whakatahe i Inia, ā, kāore he wāhi mō ngā arai. Kia mārama tātou ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē e taea ai e ngā wāhine te whakatahe, me te āhua o te tukanga.

I raro i ngā āhuatanga hea ka taea e ngā wāhine te whakatahe i Inia?

Ki tēnei, ka whakahoki te rōia a Nandish Thackar, "E ai ki te Ture Whakamutu Hauora o te Hapūtanga, 1971, ko te Wāhanga 3 o te Ture e whakaatu ana i te meka ka taea te whakamutu i te haputanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga e rua:

1. Ina whakaaro te rata he mōrearea te haere tonu o te hāputanga ki te ora o te wahine hāpu, ki te whara kino rānei ki te hauora tinana, ki te hauora hinengaro rānei,

2. He nui te mōrearea mēnā ka whānau te tamaiti, ka pāngia ia e ngā mate tinana, mate hinengaro rānei, ā, ka tino hauā.

Hei whakautu i te pātai he ture te whakatahe i Inia mō ngā wāhine kāore anō kia marenatia, ko te whakautu he āe. He ture i raro i ngā āhuatanga e rua i runga ake nei. Hei tauira, ki te mea he wahine i pāngia e te tāwharau, ā, he hua nō taua mea te tamaiti, ko te mamae i puta mai i te hāputanga ka kiia he whara nui ki te hauora tinana me te hinengaro o te wahine..

He aha te take e hiahiatia ai te wawaotanga a te kooti hei whakamutu i te hāputanga i muri i ngā wiki e 24?

E ai ki te wāhanga 3(2) o te Ture Whakamutu Hauora o te Ture Hapūtanga, 1971, kua whakaritea mēnā kāore te roa o te hapūtanga e neke atu i te tekau mā rua wiki, me tono he whakaaro mai i tētahi Tākuta mēnā kei raro te wahine i ngā wāhanga e rua kua whakahuatia ake nei.

Mena he roa ake te wā o te hapūtanga i te 12 wiki, ā, kāore e neke atu i te 20 wiki, me whai whakaaro te tākuta e rua hei whakatutuki i ngā paearu o runga ake nei. Heoi, kua whakarerekētia te Whakatikatika 2020 mai i te 20 wiki ki te 24 wiki i nāianei. Ko ngā whakamutu i tua atu i tēnā me mahi me te whakaaetanga a te Kōti.

Me whai whakaaro te Kōti ki ngā āhuatanga katoa, arā, te āheinga o te pūtaiao hauora, me ngā pānga ki te hauora o te wahine. Mēnā ka tutuki ngā mea katoa, ā, ka whakaae ngā tohunga he mea taea, ko reira anake ka taea e te Kōti te whakaae kia whakatahe i muri i ngā wiki e 24.

Kua whakaarohia e ngā Kōti Matua pērā i a Madhya Pradesh, Bombay me Gujarat, ngā tono whakatahe i tua atu i te 20 wiki. Ko tētahi tauira ko te keehi a Priti Mahendra Singh Rawal Vs. Union of India, i whakaaetia ai e te Kōti Matua o Bombay kia whakamutua te pēpi i te 26 wiki te pakeke. 

I roto i te kēhi kua whakahuatia ake nei, i whakatūria e te Kōti Matua o Bombay tētahi komiti o ngā Tohunga Hauora. I runga i ngā whakaaro o ēnei tohunga, i whakaaetia e te Kōti Matua te Whakamutu i te Hapūtanga i raro i te tirotiro a te Poari Hauora.

He aha te tikanga o ngā whakatikatika o te Ture MTP?

E ai ki te Whakatikatika ki te Pire MTP i te tau 2020, kua mahia ngā huringa e whai ake nei ki ngā ture whakatahe i Inia hei whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga haputanga i te whenua:

• Ka taea e ngā tāngata i pāngia e te tāwharau me te moepuku me te hunga hauā rerekē te rapu awhina hauora mō te whakatahe tae noa ki te 24 wiki o te hapūtanga.
• Mena ka kitea e te poari hauora, e te tākuta rānei tētahi momo rerekētanga nui o te tamaiti i roto i te pēpi, ka taea e te wahine te tono whakatahe i ngā wā katoa i te wā e hapu ana.
• Mena kāore anō kia neke atu i te 20 wiki te hapūtanga, ka taea e te wahine te rapu awhina hauora hei whakatahe i te tamaiti mā te kōrero ki te tākuta kotahi anake.
• Ka puritia ngā taipitopito whaiaro o te tangata e whakatahe ana, ā, ka tino hira te hiranga o tō rātou tūmataitinga.

Ngā Whare Hauora Tūmataiti mō te Whakatahe i Inia

Ehara i te mea ngaro te maha o ngā whare whakatahe tūmataiti kei Inia. He mea pai, he mea kino rānei tēnā?

tohunga Snigdha Mishra ngā whakautu, "He pokapū tūruhi hauora a Īnia. Ko te tikanga he maha ngā whare hauora o te ao e wātea ana. Ahakoa rā, mai i ngā tāone iti ki ngā tāone iti me ngā tāone nui, he maha ngā whare hauora tūmataiti iti e whakarato ana i ēnei ratonga, ā, ehara i te mea he mea whakamā katoa. He pai, he utu hoki ā rātou ratonga hauora. Mā tēnei ka ngāwari ake te uru atu ki te tiaki hauora.

"Heoi, he maha o ēnei wāhi rongoā e mahi ana hei wāhi rongoā whakatahe anake. I te mea ko te patu pēpi wahine he take mau tonu i roto i te hanganga hapori o Īnia, he maha o ēnei wāhi rongoā e kitea ana he piringa haumaru mō tēnei mahi ture kore, nanakia hoki." 

"Mēnā he tino hiahia te wahine ki te whakatahe, me whiriwhiri e ia tētahi whare hauora e mahi ana i roto i te ao ture, ā, e tuku ana i te tiaki kounga. Mēnā he pai te tiaki hauora, ahakoa kei hea koe e whakatahe ana."

Te pānui e pā ana: He aha te hiranga o te mātauranga moepuku i roto i ngā kura?

I ētahi wā ka akiakihia ngā wāhine o Īnia kia whakatahe i muri i te whakatau ture kore i te ira o te pēpi. He aha tō whakaaro mō tēnei?

"He ture kore tēnei, ā, me mauheretia te hunga e mahi ana i tēnei. Ko te mana rangatira pakari te mea e āhei ai tēnei, haunga ngā arai mārama i roto i tā tātou pūnaha hauora-ture e pā ana ki te ture whakatahe i Inia. Nā te mea he hara ngā whakatau i te ira tangata o te pēpi me te kōhuru i te pēpi, kāore e kore me whai kawenga ngā rōpū katoa e whai wāhi ana. Engari ko te mea nui ake i tēnei ko te mārama me te whakarerekē i te whakaaro e āhei ai ēnei mahi," tāna tāpiri.

Mō te tukanga whakatahe

Me mōhio anō hoki te wahine ki te tikanga whakatahe i mua i te rēhitatanga. Kei raro nei, ka taea e koe te mārama ki ngā momo whakatahe me pēhea te mahi i taua mea.

He aha te pire whakatahe? 

Ka whakamahia he pire whakatahe hei mahi whakatahe hauora, he momo whakamutu haputanga kore-pokanga. He rerekē tēnei i ngā pire ārai hapūtanga ohorereKo te pire whakatahe te ingoa noa mō te whakamahi i ngā rongoā e rua hei whakamutu i te hāputanga: Mifepristone me Misoprostol, e ai ki a Tākuta Sharmila Majumder.

Tuatahi, me tango e koe he pire e kiia nei ko Mifepristone. Me whai homoni e kiia nei ko te progesterone i te wā e hapu ana kia tipu noa ai. Ka āraia e te Mifepristone te progesterone o tō tinana, ka aukati i te tipu o te haputanga.

Kātahi ka tangohia e koe te rongoā tuarua, te Misoprostol, i taua wā tonu, i muri rānei i ngā hāora 48. Ka puta te mamae me te toto i tēnei rongoā, ā, ka whakawātea i tō kōpū. He rite tonu ki te mamae nui o te pāhi, ā, he rite tonu te tukanga ki te mate pāwera wawe.

He pehea te whaihua o te pire materoto?

Mō te hunga e 8 wiki te pakeke o te hāputanga, neke atu rānei, e 94-98 i roto i te 100 ngā wā e whai hua ana.

Mō te hunga e 8-9 wiki te haputanga, e 94-96 i roto i te 100 ngā wā e whai hua ana.

Mō te hunga e 9-10 wiki te haputanga, e 91-93 i roto i te 100 ngā wā e whai hua ana.

I te nuinga o te wā ka taea e koe te whakatahe hauora i roto i ngā rā 70 (10 wiki) o tō LMP, o tō Wā Paheketanga Whakamutunga rānei (te rā tuatahi o tō paheketanga whakamutunga).

He aha ngā raruraru ka pā mai i te rongoā ā-waha mō te whakatahe?

Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru pea o te rongoā ā-waha ko:

• Kāore e mahi ngā pire whakatahe, ā, kāore e mutu te hāputanga
• Tērā pea ka toe ētahi o ngā kiko hapūtanga i roto i tō kōpū 
• Ngā toto totoka i roto i tō kōpū 
• Te toto nui rawa, te toto roa rawa rānei, ka pā mai he mate
• He uruparenga mate pāwera ki tētahi o ngā rongoā.

He aha ngā utu mō te whakatahe?

Ko te tikanga, ko te utu mō te whakatahe e whakamahia ana ngā rongoā i Inia he tata ki te Rs. 5,000, engari ko te whakamutu haputanga pokanga e whakamahia ana ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakawhānui me te curettage (DNC) ka tata ki te Rs 25,000 me te 30,000. Nō reira, he rerekē te utu i ia kēhi, i runga i te tawhiti o te whanaketanga o te haputanga me te tikanga e taunakihia ana e te tākuta i runga i ngā āhuatanga hauora o te wahine.

He ahu whakamua ngā ture whakatahe i Inia

• He tino whakamarie te ture whakatahe whakamua mō ngā morehu o te tāwharau?

Prachi Vaish E mea ana, ina tāwharauhia te wahine, ka waiho he koha mō te wa katoa ki tōna hinengaro, ā, he maha ngā tau e ora ai. Ki te hapu ia i roto i te tukanga, ehara i te mea me whakaae noa ia ki tana tāwharautanga, engari me kawe hoki e ia te purapura o tōna kaiwhakamamae i roto i a ia, ā, ko te kore e tukua kia whakatahe ia, he mea akiaki ia kia noho me te maumahara ki tana tāwharautanga mō te wa katoa.

He tino koretake hoki ki te tamaiti e hapu ana mēnā ka whānau mai he pēpi, nā te mea ka noho tonu ia hei patunga, hei hua hoki o te hara. Nō reira, āe, he mea whakamarie te ture whakatahe whakamua mō ngā tāngata i pāngia e te tāwharau me ngā tamariki kāore anō kia whānau i te tāwharau, ā, ka pāngia pea rātou e te mamae nui atu, ehara i te mea nā rātou ake te he.

• Kei te hē te whakamahi a ngā tāne me ngā wāhine rangatahi i ngā ture whakatahe i Inia?

Kaiako ora Joie Bose kāore i te whakaae: Ko te whakakore i te whakatahe te taahiraa tino whakamuri rawa atu ka taea te mahi, ā, he tino kore e whakaaetia i tēnei wā o te whanaketanga tangata. He tino mārama rawa tēnei ki ahau, ā, kāore he huarahi pai ake hei kī i tēnei. 

I tētahi taumata, e whakaatu ana tēnei i te noho ā-roto o te hapori ki te whakahē i te moepuku. Kia whakaae tātou ehara te pēpi i te koha mai i te Atua engari he hua nō te "pō werawera o te hiahia". Āe, pō, ao, ata rānei! 

Kāore he parenga e 100% haumaru. Ā, me te whai hiahia moepuku he mea kua whakauruhia ki roto i tā tātou waehere ira. Kei tōna taumata teitei i waenga i te hunga rangatahi ina whakaritea ki te hunga kaumātua engari he mea kāore e taea te whakakorekore kua pā ki a rātou. 

He nui ngā taunakitanga a te pūtaiao hei whakaatu ehara i te mea he kotahi te tāne me te wahine. Mēnā ka hapu te wahine, ko te whakatahe te mahi tino tika ka taea te mahi. 

He aha ia me tuku ai i tōna tinana kia "mamae" i te wā e hapu ana? He aha te take me waiho ai te tamaiti hei "taumaha" mā te tāne ina kore e taea e ia te noho hei matua whakahīhī? Me manaaki te haputanga e ngā mātua e rua o te tamaiti, ki te kore, ko te whakatahe anake te huarahi. 

Kāore he tamaiti e tika ana kia whiwhi i ngā mātua kore aroha. Ā, kāore he tāne, he wahine rānei e tika ana kia akiakihia ki te whakatipu i tētahi tamaiti. Me mahara ngā kaihanga ture kāore rātou e mahi ana i tētahi mea hei āwhina i te whakatipu i te tamaiti. Kāore hoki rātou e mahi ana i tētahi mea hei āwhina i te whaea takakau/te pāpā takakau.

Hei kaiako oranga, kua kitea e au ko te hunga tino pouri, ko te hunga tino kore whakapono ki a rātou anō ko te hunga kāore i te maiohatia e ō rātou whānau. Ko te noho hei tamaiti kāore e hiahiatia ka tino pouri. Ki te kore e taea e te mātua te kawe i te kawenga ki te whakarite i te whāngai hinengaro o te tamaiti, kaua rawa e whānau mai te tamaiti ki tēnei ao. Ko te hunga tino pouri ko te hunga e whakaaro ana kāore e arohaina.

Ki te tirohia, ko te aukati i te whakatahe he huarahi anō hei pehi i te wahine, kia atawhai ai i te pēpi, ā, ko tana kawenga te tiaki i te pēpi hei 'kaitiaki tūturu' mō te tamaiti. Me hoatu ki te wahine te kōwhiringa ki te whiriwhiri i te whaea, ā, ki te aukatia e te kāwanatanga te whakatahe, me riro i a rātou te kawenga ki te whāngai i te tamaiti i ngā huarahi katoa e taea ana.

He tāne tonu te nuinga o ngā kaihanga ture. He kaumātua tonu te nuinga. Kāore te ture whakatahe e pā kino ki ngā kaihanga ture. Ka huri hei whakahaere i te hunga iti iho te mana i a rātou.

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