Malamulo Ochotsa Mimba ku India: Akatswiri Athu Amakuuzani Zonse

Patha zaka 50 kuchokera pamene Bill Termination of Pregnancy Bill kapena MTP Bill inaperekedwa mu 1971, ndipo mbali yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya malamulo ochotsa mimba ku India ndi yakuti imanena chilichonse chokhudza kuchotsa mimba, kupatulapo ufulu kapena maganizo a wobereka pa zomwe ayenera kuchita ndi mimba yake.

Ngakhale Kusintha kwaposachedwa kwambiri mu 2020, komwe kudabweretsa kusintha kwa Biliyo, kumangoyang'ana kwambiri zachipatala chake, chomwe chiyenera kugamulidwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala. Ngakhale kuchotsa mimba kuli kovomerezeka ku India, pali kusalidwa kochuluka kwa amayi osakwatiwa.

Ndili ku Alabama, lamulo lomwe langotulutsidwa kumene limaletsa kuchotsa mimba pakadutsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi yapathupi, malamulo ochotsa mimba ku India amalola kuti izi zitheke mpaka milungu 24 ya mimba. India imaganiziranso kuzunzika kwa wogwiriridwa ndikulola kuchotsa mimba mwalamulo, mwa zina. Kumeneko ndikusintha kolandiridwa, ndithudi.

Timalankhula ndi akatswiri ndikupeza zotsatira zalamulo ndi chikhalidwe cha malamulo ochotsa mimba ku India.

Malamulo Okhudza Kuchotsa Mimba Kwachipatala

Malamulo ochotsa mimba ku India akadali okhwima kwambiri ndipo sasiya malo obisalamo. Tiyeni tipitilize kumvetsetsa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yomwe amai angachotsere mimbayo komanso momwe njirayo ilili.

Kodi akazi angachotse mimba pati ku India?

Pa izi, loya Nandish Thackar akuyankha, "Molingana ndi Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, makamaka Gawo 3 la lamuloli likuwonetsa kuti mimba imatha kuthetsedwa nthawi ziwiri:

1. Pamene dokotala apereka lingaliro lakuti kupitiriza kwa mimba kungayambitse chiwopsezo ku moyo wa mayi wapakati kapena kuvulala koopsa ku thanzi la thupi kapena maganizo, kapena

2.Pali chiwopsezo chachikulu kuti ngati mwana atabadwa, angavutike ndi zovuta zakuthupi kapena zamaganizo kotero kuti akhale wolumala kwambiri.

Poyankha funso lakuti kuchotsa mimba ndikololedwa ku India kwa akazi osakwatiwa, yankho ndi inde. Ndikololedwa malinga ndi zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mkazi wagwiriridwa ndipo mwana wagwiriridwa, ndiye kuti ululu womwe umabwera chifukwa cha mimba udzaganiziridwa kuti ndi kuvulaza kwakukulu thanzi la thupi ndi la maganizo la mkazi.

Chifukwa chiyani kulowererapo kwa khothi ndikofunikira pakuchotsa mimba pambuyo pa masabata 24?

Malingana ndi ndime 3(2) ya Medical Termination of the Pregnancy Act, 1971, kwalamulidwa kuti pamene nthawi ya mimba sidutsa masabata khumi ndi awiri, lingaliro la Medical Practitioner liyenera kutengedwa ngati mayiyo agwera pansi pa magulu awiri omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa.

Ngati nthawi ya mimba ndi yoposa masabata a 12 ndipo osapitirira masabata a 20, ndiye kuti maganizo a 2 madokotala ayenera kutengedwa kuti akwaniritse zomwe zili pamwambazi. Komabe, Kusintha kwa 2020 kwasinthanso chimodzimodzi kuchokera pa masabata 20 mpaka pano masabata 24. Kuthetsa kulikonse kopitilira pamenepo kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi chilolezo cha Khothi.

Khoti liyenera kuganizira mbali iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, kuthekera kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, zotsatira zake pa thanzi la amayi. Ngati zonse zikuyenda bwino ndipo akatswiri akuganiza kuti ndizotheka, ndiye kuti makhothi amatha kuloleza kuchotsa mimba pakatha milungu 24.

Makhothi akuluakulu osiyanasiyana monga Madhya Pradesh, Bombay komanso Gujarat, awona zopempha kuti achotse mimba kupitilira milungu 20. Chitsanzo chimodzi chotere ndi nkhani ya Priti Mahendra Singh Rawal Vs. Union of India, Khothi Lalikulu la Bombay lalola kuti mwana wosabadwa wa milungu 26 achotsedwe. 

Pamlanduwu, Khothi Lalikulu la Bombay lidapanga komiti ya akatswiri azachipatala. Kutengera maganizo a akatswiriwa, Khoti Lalikulu linalola Kuthetsa Mimba moyang’aniridwa ndi Bungwe la Zachipatala.

Kodi Zosintha za MTP Act Zikutanthauza Chiyani?

Malinga ndi Kusintha kwa Bili ya MTP mu 2020, zosintha zotsatirazi zasinthidwa kumalamulo ochotsa mimba ku India kuti agwirizane ndikusamalira zochitika zambiri zapakati mdziko muno:

• Ogwiriridwa ndi kugonana ndi wachibale komanso olumala osiyanasiyana amatha kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala kuti achotse mimba mpaka masabata 24 apakati.
• Ngati a komiti yachipatala kapena dokotala apeza vuto lililonse la mwana wosabadwayo, mayiyo akhoza kuchotsa mimba nthawi iliyonse yomwe ali ndi pakati.
• Ngati mimba sidapitirire masabata 20, mayi akhoza kupempha thandizo lachipatala kuchotsa mimba mwa kukaonana ndi dokotala mmodzi yekha.
• Zambiri za aliyense amene wachotsa mimba zizikhala zachinsinsi ndipo zinsinsi zake zidzaonedwa kukhala zofunika kwambiri

Zipatala Zachinsinsi Zochotsa Mimba Ku India

Si chinsinsi kuti zipatala zingapo zapadera zochotsa mimba zilipo ku India. Ndi chinthu chabwino kapena choipa?

Katswiri Snigdha Mishra akuyankha kuti, “India ndi malo oyendera alendo azachipatala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zipatala zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, kuyambira m'matauni ang'onoang'ono mpaka m'mizinda yaing'ono komanso m'mizinda yamatauni, pali zipatala zingapo zazing'ono zachinsinsi zomwe zimapereka chithandizochi ndipo si zonse zomwe zili zachisoni. Zimapereka chithandizo chamankhwala choyenera komanso chotsika mtengo. Izi zimapangitsanso kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chikhale chosavuta kupeza.

Komabe, ambiri mwa zipatala zimenezi amagwiranso ntchito ngati zipatala zochotsa mimba.” Chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera mimba achikazi, omwe ndi vuto losatha m'madera ambiri a anthu ku India, ambiri mwa zipatala zimenezi ndi malo otetezeka ku mchitidwe woletsedwa ndi wankhanza umenewu. 

“Ngati mayi akufunikadi kuchotsa mimba, ayenera kusankha chipatala chimene chimagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo ndiponso chopereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.

Kuwerenga Kofanana: N’chifukwa Chiyani Maphunziro Okhudza Kugonana Ndi Ofunika M’masukulu?

Nthawi zina amayi ku India amakakamizika kuchotsa mimba pambuyo potsimikiza mosavomerezeka za kugonana kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Maganizo anu ndi otani pankhaniyi?

"Ndizosaloledwa ndipo anthu ochita izi ayenera kumangidwa." Ndiulamuliro wokhwima womwe umapangitsa kuti izi zitheke, kupatula zopinga zowonekera m'malamulo athu azachipatala okhudza kuchotsa mimba ku India.

Pa ndondomeko yochotsa mimba

Njira yochotsa mimba yokha ndi chinthu chomwe mkazi ayenera kudziwa asanalembetse. Pansipa, mudzatha kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuchotsa mimba ndi momwe mungachitire zomwezo.

Kodi mapiritsi ochotsa mimba ndi chiyani? 

Piritsi lochotsa mimba limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mimba mwachipatala, komwe ndi mtundu wa kuchotsa mimba popanda opaleshoni. Izi ndi zosiyana ndi mapiritsi oletsa mimba mwadzidzidzi . Piritsi lochotsa mimba ndi dzina lodziwika bwino logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awiri osiyana kuthetsa mimba: Mifepristone ndi Misoprostol, akutero Dr. Sharmila Majumder.

Choyamba, mumamwa mapiritsi otchedwa Mifepristone. Mimba imafunika hormone yotchedwa progesterone kuti ikule bwino. Mifepristone imalepheretsa progesterone ya thupi lanu, kuletsa mimba kukula.

Kenako, mumamwa mankhwala achiwiri, Misoprostol, mwina nthawi yomweyo kapena pakadutsa maola 48. Mankhwalawa amapangitsa kutsekula m'mimba ndikutulutsa magazi m'chiberekero. Zimakhala ngati kukhala ndi nthawi yolemetsa kwambiri, ndipo izi zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi kupita padera koyambirira.

Kodi mapiritsi ochotsa mimba ndi othandiza motani?

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi pakati pa masabata 8 kapena ocheperapo, amagwira ntchito pafupifupi 94-98 mwa 100 nthawi.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi pakati pa masabata 8-9, amagwira ntchito pafupifupi 94-96 mwa 100.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi pakati pa masabata 9-10, amagwira ntchito pafupifupi 91-93 mwa 100.

Nthawi zambiri mutha kuchotsa mimba kuchipatala mkati mwa masiku 70 (masabata 10) a LMP kapena Nthawi Yomaliza ya Msambo (tsiku loyamba la kusamba kwanu komaliza).

Ndi zovuta zotani za mankhwala amkamwa pochotsa mimba?

Zina mwazovuta za mankhwala amkamwa ndi awa:

• Mapiritsi ochotsa mimba sagwira ntchito ndipo mimba simatha
• Minofu ina ya mimba ikhoza kusiyidwa m'chiberekero chanu 
• Magazi amaundana m'chiberekero chanu 
• Kutaya magazi kwambiri kapena motalika kumabweretsa matenda
• Thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi amodzi mwamankhwala.

Kodi mtengo wochotsa mimba ndi wotani?

Nthawi zambiri, kuchotsa mimba komwe kumaphatikizapo mankhwala kumawononga pafupifupi Rs. 5,000 ku India, pamene kuchotsa mimba kwa opaleshoni yophatikizapo njira monga dilation and curettage (DNC) kungawononge pakati pa Rs 25,000 ndi 30,000. Choncho, mtengo wake umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mmene mimba yapitira patsogolo komanso njira imene adokotala amalimbikitsa potengera mmene mayiyo alili.

Malamulo ochotsa mimba ku India akupita patsogolo

• Kodi lamulo lopitira patsogolo lochotsa mimba ndi mpumulo waukulu kwa ogwiriridwa?

Prachi Vaish akunena kuti mkazi akagwiriridwa, zimasiya zipsera za moyo wake wonse zomwe zimatenga zaka zambiri kuti achire. Ngati atenga mimba panthawiyi, samangoyenera kungovomereza kugwiriridwa kwake, komanso ayenera kunyamula mbewu ya womuzunza mkati mwake, ndipo kusamulola kuchotsa mimba kumamukakamiza kukhala ndi chikumbutso cha kugwiriridwa kwake kwa moyo wake wonse.

Ndiwopanda chilungamo kwambiri kwa mwana wosabadwayo ngati atakhala khanda ndikubadwa chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala wozunzidwa komanso wopalamula. Chotero, inde, lamulo la kuchotsa mimba lopita patsogolo ndilo kupuma kwa mpumulo kwa onse aŵiri ogwiriridwa chigololo ndi ana osayembekezeka ogwiriridwa chigololo amene angakhale ndi moyo wa chivulazo chowonjezereka popanda cholakwa chawo.

• Kodi okwatirana achichepere ndi achinyamata akugwiritsa ntchito molakwa malamulo ochotsa mimba ku India?

Wophunzitsa za moyo Joie Bose sakugwirizana nazo: Kuthetsa kuchotsa mimba ndi sitepe yobwerera m'mbuyo kwambiri yomwe ingachitikepo ndipo yosavomerezeka kwambiri pa gawo lino la chitukuko cha anthu. Izi ndi zomveka bwino momwe ndingathere ndipo palibe njira ina yabwino yofotokozera izi.

Pamlingo wina, izi zikuwonetsa momwe anthu amakhalabe osagwirizana ndi kugonana. Tiyeni tivomereze kuti khanda si mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu koma chifukwa cha "usiku wotentha wachisoni". Chabwino, usiku kapena usana kapena m'mawa! 

Kupanda chitetezo kuli kotetezeka 100%. Ndipo kukhala ndi chilakolako chogonana ndi chinthu chomwe chaikidwa m'majini athu. Chili pachimake pakati pa achinyamata poyerekeza ndi okalamba koma ndi chinthu chomwe palibe amene angakane kuti adamvapo.

Sayansi ili ndi umboni wokwanira wosonyeza kuti anthu sakhala ndi mkazi mmodzi. Pokumbukira zinthu zonsezi ngati mwamwayi mkazi atenga mimba, kuchotsa mimba ndiko kuchitapo kanthu koyenera kwambiri. 

N’chifukwa chiyani ayenera kulola thupi lake “kuvutika” ndi mimba? Kodi nchifukwa ninji mwana ayenera kukhala “mtolo” kwa mwamuna amene sangakhale tate wonyada? Mimba iyenera kuyamikiridwa ndi makolo onse a mwanayo, ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuchotsa mimba ndiyo njira yokhayo. 

Palibe mwana amene ayenera kukhala ndi makolo opanda chikondi. Ndipo palibe mwamuna kapena mkazi amene ayenera kukakamizidwa kulera mwana. Opanga malamulowo akumbukire kuti sakuchita chilichonse chothandizira kulera mwanayo. Komanso sakuchita chilichonse kuthandiza mayi wolera yekhayekha/bambo mmodzi.

Monga mphunzitsi wa moyo, ndapeza kuti anthu ovutika maganizo komanso odzidalira kwambiri ndi omwe sakuyamikiridwa ndi mabanja awo. Kukhala mwana wosafunidwa kumayambitsa kukhumudwa kwambiri. Ngati kholo silingathe kutenga udindo woonetsetsa kuti mwanayo akudyetsedwa bwino, sayenera kubweretsa mwanayo kudziko lino. Chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri ndi anthu amene amaona kuti sakondedwa.

Ngati muyang'ana, kuletsa kuchotsa mimba ndi njira ina yogonjetsera mkazi kuti alerere mwana amakhala udindo wake monga 'woyang'anira mwana. Mayi ayenera kupatsidwa mwayi wosankha umayi ndipo ngati boma likuletsa kuchotsa mimba, ayenera kutenga udindo wopezera mwana m'njira iliyonse yomwe angathe.

Opanga malamulo ambiri akadali amuna. Opanga malamulo ambiri akadali okalamba. Lamulo lochotsa mimba limakhudza kwambiri opanga malamulo. Imangokhala wothandizira wolamulira omwe alibe mphamvu kuposa iwo.

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Chopereka chanu sichikutanthauza chopereka chachifundo . Chidzalola Bonobology kupitiliza kukubweretserani chidziwitso chatsopano komanso chaposachedwa poyesetsa kuthandiza aliyense padziko lonse lapansi kuphunzira momwe angachitire chilichonse.